"Lean plus" tools used in the redesign included a value network analysis, which helped streamline TOC interactions within the flight-test organization as well as with aircraft engineering and the FAA. Flight-test engineers and planners also used a systems dynamic modeling tool to help develop the new business model concept. "We used that to model the test operations, and evaluated it using value network mapping. Once we understood the engineer's role in it, we ran simulations and ultimately redesigned the entire test operations."